With the upgrading of customer products, it gradually develops towards the direction of intelligence, so the requirements for PCB board impedance are becoming more and more stringent, which also promotes the continuous maturity of impedance design technology. Now the editor summarizes the impedance application and control methods for everyone to exchange share.
What is characteristic impedance?
1. The resistance generated by alternating current in the components is related to capacitance and inductance. When there is an electronic signal waveform transmission in the conductor, the resistance it receives is called impedance.
2. Resistance is the resistance generated by the direct current on the components, which is related to voltage, resistivity, and current.
Application of characteristic impedance
1. Applied to high-speed signal transmission and high-frequency circuit, the electrical performance provided by the printed board must be able to prevent reflection during signal transmission, keep the signal intact, reduce transmission loss, and play a matching role. Complete, reliable, accurate, worry-free, and noise-free transmission signal.
2. The size of impedance cannot simply be understood as the bigger the better or the smaller the better, the key is matching.
Control parameters of characteristic impedance
The dielectric constant of the plate, the thickness of the dielectric layer, the line width, the copper thickness, and the thickness of the solder mask.
The influence and control of solder mask
1. The thickness of the solder mask has a small effect on the impedance. The thickness of the solder mask increases by 10um, and the impedance value changes only 1-2 ohms.
2. In the design, there is a big difference between the choice of cover and no cover solder mask, single-ended 2-3 ohms, and differential 8-10 ohms.
3. In the production of impedance boards, the thickness of the solder mask is normally controlled according to the production requirements.
Impedance test
The basic method is the TDR method (Time Domain Reflectometry). The basic principle is that the instrument emits a pulse signal, which is folded back through the test piece of the circuit board to measure the change in the characteristic impedance of the emission and the folded back. After computer analysis, the characteristic impedance is output.
Impedance problem handling
1. Regarding the control parameters of impedance, the control requirements can be achieved through mutual adjustment during production.
2. After lamination in production, slice and analyze the board. If the thickness of the medium is reduced, the line width can be reduced to meet the requirements; if the thickness is too thick, the copper can be thickened to reduce the impedance value.
3. In the test, if there is a lot of difference between the theory and the reality, the biggest possibility is that there is a problem with the engineering design and the design of the test strip.
